Frequently Asked Questions
Board Logistics Questions
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It amends the City Charter to create a municipal electric utility, establishes a governing board, and defines its powers.
This lays the necessary groundwork for a possible future municipalization.
The new utility’s governing board would be seated in 2028. Five of its members would be elected, and four appointed.
The 5 elected members would be to ensure that every Ann Arbor ward is represented. Each ward would elect one of these 5 board members.
The 4 appointed members would be appointed by city council, with the purpose of ensuring that there are experts on the board. One of these seats would be reserved for a representative of organized labor.
All board members will be unpaid volunteers. The city’s Local Officers Compensation Committee could in the future decide to compensate the elected board members.
The 5 elected officials would serve four year terms, and the 4 appointed officials would serve three year terms, in line with other city commissions
It does NOT authorize the purchase of any DTE infrastructure, nor does it remove its exclusive franchise. Initiation of condemnation proceedings would require future action by Council or the voters, ideally following a rigorous cost study. Ultimately, a 60% majority of voters would have to approve any acquisition contract (to buy DTE’s poles and wires). Proposal E is not that vote; Proposal E carries no cost obligation.
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The board would not be completely inactive. We expect that it would undertake planning for a possible future separation from DTE and for integration of its infrastructure, and for future utility operations.
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No, all other munis in Michigan have existed since the early decades of the electric grid (examples: Chelsea, Lansing, Holland, Traverse City, Wyandotte, Bay City). However…
Cities elsewhere have municipalized relatively recently. Example: Winter Park, Florida municipalized in 2005, taking over from Florida Power Corporation. It has won multiple awards for safety and reliability. After municipalizing, Winter Park undergrounded all power lines and now charges rates 24% lower than Florida Power (now Duke Energy).
There are 2,000 cities across the country that are already public electric utilities, and Ann Arbor would not be the first of them to transition away from a private company. Among the 41 other public electric utilities in Michigan, Ann Arbor would be the first to transition away from a private company. We are not reinventing the wheel on a national scale, but we do have the opportunity to lead the way for the rest of Michigan.
Keep in mind, though, that Prop E does not authorize the purchase of DTE’s poles and wires. Prop E is only the first step, and there will be more to do.
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The SEU is a supplemental, opt-in utility approved by voters in 2024 that provides renewable power to subscribing homes and businesses. It bills alongside DTE. A municipal electric utility (MEU) would acquire DTE’s distribution infrastructure and provide electric service to the entire city, including renters and businesses unlikely to be served by the SEU. The MEU would fully replace DTE.
DTE has endorsed the SEU, while spending millions to prevent a future MEU. That’s because the MEU threatens DTE’s business model.
Affordability Questions
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To be clear, Proposal E does not authorize or require any action regarding DTE, including acquisition of its local assets. Those are future decisions. Proposal E carries no cost obligation.
Any future decision to municipalize will need to be preceded by a rigorous cost study conducted by an objective expert consulting firm. That study will determine if there is a value proposition for our city. A2P2 is not for municipalization at any cost.
While no one knows the acquisition cost yet, the $1 billion number put forth by DTE front group Ann Arbor Responsible Energy Coalition is pure fearmongering. It’s based on a biased “study” paid for entirely by DTE. The true number is almost certainly well below half that amount. We have posted a full rebuttal of the study and its $1 billion number.
The city’s phase 1 study estimated acquisition costs between $281 million and $1.15 billion. That study included flawed assumptions that greatly inflated the high-end estimate. We hired an expert law firm to document these errors.
Other communities that recently municipalized (Winter Park, Florida and Jefferson County, Washington) were able to finance these acquisitions within their existing budgets, taking into account expected utility revenue, without raising taxes.
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We can’t promise lower rates on day one, but in the long term this should be the case. Every municipal electric utility in the lower peninsula has lower rates than DTE.
Our current utility bills pay for DTE’s profits, shareholder dividends, and outlandish executive salaries. A nonprofit municipal electric utility would not have these obligations.
DTE’s current rate of roughly 21 cents/kWH is among the highest in the Midwest, and since 2020 DTE has requested and received almost continuous annual rate hikes. We’re confident that a municipal electric utility would provide rate stability. That’s been the experience of other Michigan cities.
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There are two separate scenarios involving legal expenses.
First, DTE or one of its proxies could sue over Proposal E, challenging the legality of the City Charter amendment (assuming it wins on November 3). While unfortunate, we don’t expect such a case to be protracted or especially expensive compared to the other lawsuits the city is currently party to. The city of Ann Arbor already litigates A LOT. We don’t hear about these cases much, but as of early October, 2026, our city government was party to more than a dozen active legal cases, at both the county and federal level. This would be just one more – an undesirable burden, but not an exceptional one.
The second scenario, legal expenses associated with condemnation (eminent domain) proceedings against DTE, would not happen until the city decides in the future to initiate such proceedings. Most condemnation cases take 12-18 months to complete. This one would be complex, but we don’t anticipate it lasting much more than two years. The phase 2 study should give us a better idea of the likely legal cost of this effort, and provide some possible mechanisms for securing the funds.
Reliability Questions
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It’s the difference between owning a house and renting it, except we can’t even change our “landlord.” Right now, we are “renting” the grid from DTE, and are subject to its infrastructure neglect. (It faces no competition, so has little incentive to maintain it.) And, because DTE is a monopoly, we are stuck with them. If we own the electric grid, then we decide how to maintain it, putting the community first – people over profit.
We are currently paying with our rates for that maintenance and any upgrades that are taking place. These same rates, collected by the city, could be devoted entirely to improving and maintaining the system, rather than exporting a significant fraction (16.6 percent in 2025) as profits to DTE.
Michigan in 2023 (the latest year available) ranked last among states in the amount of time to restore customer power following a major weather event, and DTE had the longest restoration time of any Michigan utility. Michigan municipal electric utilities had the shortest average restoration times.
DTE is terrible at maintaining its grid. An independent audit found that it visually inspects its wires only every 20 years, while the industry standard is 4-5 years.
A public electric utility re-invests revenue from ratepayers, rather than exporting it to shareholders and management — again, that is 17 cents of every dollar we send to DTE.
Clean Energy Questions
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There are six cities in the U.S. that are powered by completely renewable energy, and all of them are public electric utilities.
A public electric utility would be able to contract for electricity off the wholesale market through the regional grid, choosing where our energy comes from. DTE currently generates two-thirds of its electricity from burning fossil fuels, one of the dirtiest fuel mixes in the country.
The city would immediately adopt net metering, paying customers with rooftop solar full retail price for the power they return to the grid. DTE currently pays less than 50 cents on the dollar.
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DTE uses our money to lobby for pro-data center legislation and, as power supplier, works together with data center companies to gain regulatory approval for these massive, environmentally destructive facilities. Ann Arbor can set an example for other communities by separating from DTE and gaining control over how our bill payments are spent and how our electricity is used.
Democracy (and A2REC) Questions
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A common anti-Prop E talking point is that Ann Arbor cannot competently run its own electric utility. Of course we can, by doing what every utility in the nation does: hire skilled management and workers. 41 other cities in Michigan run their own electric utility — 2,000 across the country. And they do it more reliably and affordably than private utilities. If they can do it, so can we.
Currently, we are trusting DTE, and there is NO democracy or accountability. With public power, our electric utility is governed by and accountable to the people of Ann Arbor.
Ann Arbor more than competently runs a water utility and a wastewater treatment plant.
The city would not be alone. It will work with other state munis through the MPPA (Michigan Public Power Agency) on energy contracting, business services, and load prediction, among other tasks. These include sharing line crews during outages caused by extreme weather.
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The board will have one seat (of the four appointed) reserved for a representative of organized labor.
The City Charter amendment specifies “a just transition for workers,” and ensures “that worker compensation, training and participation are core components in any decision relating to operation of the utility.”
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City Council listed a number of objections to Prop E in its October 5 resolution. (We've added our responses.) Council’s points are all either false, actively misleading or irrelevant to Prop E. So we don’t actually know why Council has taken this position.
Council has not produced any legal documentation addressing our Charter amendment, but some Council members assert that the word “shall” in the amendment creates conflict with existing Charter language that gives Council ultimate authority over all budgets and borrowing. One Council member suggested that Prop E might even authorize legal action against DTE without Council approval. This is emphatically not the case—the amendment in fact explicitly affirms Council’s authority in all these areas. That is the opinion not just of our legal counsel but of the state attorney general’s office. That office reviewed Proposal E and concluded that our charter amendment is consistent with state law and does not conflict with the current City Charter.
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Public Power would be run by and for the people of Ann Arbor, allowing us to reinvest for better reliability and ultimately lower rates. We can keep our money on State Street, not Wall Street.
Studies show that lower income neighborhoods lose power far more often than wealthy ones, and that’s broadly true across DTE’s service area.
DTE also has one of the highest residential electric rates in the Midwest, especially burdening low income customers.
By both investing in rooftop and community solar and contracting for wind and solar power through the grid, a muni would distribute renewable power across all incomes.
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A2REC is a DTE front group that DTE funded with $1.8 million through mid-September — money from our electric bills used for a misinformation campaign against our interests.
A2REC was initially registered at One Energy Plaza, Detroit, which is DTE headquarters. After A2P2 publicized that fact, the address shifted to a PO box in Washtenaw County.
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There will not be a decades-long legal battle. Boulder, Colorado’s litigation with Xcel Energy lasted five years, 2014-2019, and that was an outlier. Those cases only lasted that long because the city made several strategic errors. We don’t need to repeat those mistakes.
DTE will almost certainly contest the cost of acquisition. A court will determine just compensation, and Ann Arbor voters will have the final say.
DTE’s front group already sued the city and its clerk — using OUR MONEY — to invalidate our petition signatures ahead of the vote. The case was thrown out in county court and then again on appeal.
General Questions
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Public power is community ownership and operation of a municipal electric utility (MEU) or electric cooperative. There are over 2,000 municipal electric utilities in the country; in fact, 41 municipal electric utilities already exist in Michigan, including Lansing, Traverse City, Holland and Chelsea [2].
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Ann Arbor for Public Power, or A2P2, is a 501(c)(4) grassroots nonprofit committed to achieving our community goal of 100% renewable power by creating a municipal electric utility for all of Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Climate change was a significant factor in the 2020 establishment of A2P2: the local private monopoly utility, DTE Energy, is one of the dirtiest major utilities in the country, producing almost 40% of its electricity from coal. [1]. A2P2’s goal is to enable a reliable supply of 100% renewable power for Ann Arbor’s residences, institutions, and businesses by the year 2030, which is in line with the city’s A2Zero goal. Once Ann Arbor controls its own electric grid, it will no longer be forced to buy DTE’s dirty energy and can contract for, and encourage the creation of, renewable power.
Local energy resources should be publicly owned. Municipal electric utilities, which are abundant in Michigan, help ensure that the full benefits of energy distribution systems accrue to the people who use them. An Ann Arbor municipal electric utility would be guided by the principles of ratepayer equity, service reliability, energy efficiency, grid modernization, fiscal responsibility, a just transition for workers, and public accountability.
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The Sustainable Energy Utility (SEU) is managed by the city’s Office of Sustainability and Innovations [3]. The SEU is a limited, opt-in, subscription-based utility that will supplement DTE Energy’s electricity with city-owned residential rooftop solar and potentially other renewable energy sources.
According to the first feasibility study commissioned by the city, rooftop and other solar from the SEU could account for 15% of the energy needs of the city by 2030. If ultimately achieved, that would be an excellent start, but 15% is not enough. [11] A full municipal energy utility (MEU) would acquire and operate the local DTE grid, including distribution lines and substations. Importantly, Ann Arbor would also gain the ability to purchase our own electricity on the wholesale market, where we could choose 100% renewable sources. For more detail on electricity purchasing, see “Municipality Questions” below. The full municipal utility could work in tandem with the SEU to meet its A2Zero goal of powering the city’s electric grid with 100% renewable energy by 2030.
Logistics Questions
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Assuming voter approval of a future referendum, DTE would be legally compelled to sell to the city, under Michigan eminent domain law.
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A phase 2 feasibility study would place a well-informed valuation on the entire electrical distribution infrastructure in Ann Arbor including poles, wires, transformers and substations. That study and valuation would be “exhibit A” in the city’s case.
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The City of Ann Arbor would own the power infrastructure, which would be overseen by a democratically elected board with expert appointee members. The city infrastructure would be operated by professional staff, and will remain connected to the regional transmission grid.
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Virtually all utilities in Michigan are connected to the same regional transmission grid: the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) [4]. Michigan municipal electric utilities contract through MISO and other brokers for electricity. The Ann Arbor MEU would negotiate such power purchase agreements for the entire city. Switching the city to renewable energy sources is critical to meeting the city’s goal of 100% renewable power by 2030.
Other Questions
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Installing solar panels is commendable. But not everyone can afford that, much less a battery or generator. DTE has the slowest time to restore power after an outage in the state [9]. Private electric utilities, in exchange for monopoly status, have an obligation to provide reliable power. Municipal electric utilities across Michigan have fewer power outages and shorter outage times [9].
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A municipal electric utility will make our power grid more renewable, reliable, and eventually affordable for everyone in our community. In Michigan, municipal utilities are more affordable and have shorter power outages than DTE. Dumping DTE is necessary to reach A2Zero climate goals. In 2024, DTE’s electricity came from 41% coal, 26% natural gas, 19% nuclear, and only 12% wind and solar power [10]. Instead, our community has the opportunity to create a municipal utility, and to decide for ourselves where our electricity comes from.
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Ann Arbor for Public Power has a broad membership, including legal, environmental, and public policy experts. The future municipal utility will by led a fully qualified executive director and employ professional staff and field workers. It can tap into the expertise and resources of the Michigan Public Power Agency and Michigan Municipal Electric Association, which provide group purchasing, grid management, wholesale market access and other services to the state’s municipal utilities. The campaign is backed by local elected officials including County Commissioner (and mayoral candidate) Yousef Rabhi, State Rep Jason Morgan, and State Senator Jeff Irwin.
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References
Ceres, Benchmarking Air Emissions of the 100 Largest Electric Power Producers in the United States, 2023
American Public Power Association, Public Power in Michigan
Ann Arbor Office of Sustainability and Innovations, Ann Arbor’s Sustainable Energy Utility (SEU)
Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO), Meet MISO: MISO Fact Sheet
State of Michigan, Comparison of Average Rates for MPSC-regulated Electric Utilities in Michigan, 2025
Holland Board of Public Works, Residential Rates, July 2025
City of Chelsea, Utility Rates and City Services Fee Schedule, 2025
DTE Energy, 2024 annual report (10-K), Securities and Exchange Commission.
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Electric Power Industry Report, 2023.
DTE Energy, Fuel Mix, Dec. 2024
5Lakes Energy (commissioned by Ann Arbor City Council), 100% Renewable Energy Options Report (pg. 109), 2023